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Below is a list of native beach tree, mangrove and mangrove associate species that ESSC has worked with in its regeneration efforts for Philippine beach forests and mangroves. As our work continues and as you share with us your own experiences in propagating and planting, we hope for this list to grow.
These native trees are beautiful and sturdy, have very attractive
flowers and documented medicinal value. Some species are more abundant
in particular areas (e.g. the Agoho pine in the coasts of Bataan, while
the Malubago in the Bicol region). None, however, are too rare to make
it impossible to source seeds, propagules or wildings.
You will find some mother-trees already in your
property or in surrounding areas. The seeds of other varieties, you
will surprisingly find littering your shoreline by the hundreds when in
season. (see section on seed collection for details on when to gather what types of seeds).
Some will be easier than other to propagate, but all, based on our own
experience and studies, will be worth yours and Philippine
biodiversity's while to source and plant, and are thus what we
recommend.
Any given sea-side property will have zones which will vary as regards
the type of soil or substrate (depending on the mixture or predominance
of sand, clay and mud), exposure to sea winds and salt water, and tide
flooding patterns. Based on the natural occurence of these trees and
our regeneration efforts thus far, 5 basic planting zones can thus be
distinguished: 1)Sea-side Beach Forest; 2) Inland Beach Forest; 3)
Foreshore Mangrove; 4) Inland Mangrove; and 5) Mangrove Fringe Forest.
The listing below is classified according to suitability of each of the
species to these planting zones.
Ideal for Planting in Zone 1: Sea-side Beach Forest
These trees grow best along the beach, in dry sandy areas that the tides occassionaly reach; these varieties withstand the salt, wind and sun.
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Agoho (Casuarina equisetifolia)
A beautiful, majestic, beach pine, the agoho has been seen to grow on the beach, inland, as well as in the cities (as in the streets of Malate and the South Luzon Expressway); Tall (20-25 meters) and distinct (needle-like leaves).
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Banalo or Malapuso (Thespesia Populnea)
A medium sized tree with a roundish, irregular crown, heart shaped leaves and a tight, dainty yellow flower, often observed solitary in open beach areas. Its flowers resemlbe the Malubago's but do not open as widely.
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Bani or Baruk-Baruk (Pongamia Pinnata)
A spreading coastal tree whose trunk often branches out a few feet from the ground. It has pink clustered flowers that bloom even as the tree sheds its leaves. Large Baruk-baruks (around 25 meters) line the coastal highway of Dapitan. Many can also be found in the coastal areas of Camarines Sur.
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Dapdap (Erythrina Indica)
For its large, red, exotic flowers it is cultivated and sometimes also called the flame tree. Medium sized, its bark is rough and light colored with fine black thorns on its trunk and branches.The Dapdap can also be seen inland, and along city streets of Metro Manila (as on the C5 in the Pasig area.)
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Dangkalan or Bitaog (Calophyllum Inophyllum)
The Dangkalan's thick and dark green leaves make for a dense, deep cover. It's fruits are round, yellow-green and slightly smaller than golf-balls. Also observed to grow along coastal cliffsides.
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Malubago (Hibiscus Tiliaceus)
With a round, spreading crown, leaves are also heart shaped but rougher in texture compared to the Banalo and have a slight prickly feel. The malubago can be pruned into a large bush or will grow to a small tree, distinctively attractive with its exotic bright-yellow flowers.
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Talisay (Terminalia Catappa)
The most versatile of species listed here, the Talisay can grow on sandy beaches by the shore, flooded river banks, inland, or on city streets. Ideal as the first species to plant when regenerating a greenbelt or a buffer zone as it can withstand harsh conditions despite the absence of surrounding foliage.
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Tuble (Derris Trifoliata)
A small shrub-like tree with leathery, light-green leaves similar to the phycus. Its small, pink flowers grow in clusters on long spikes.Ideal for landscaping in beach gardens.
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